Key Concepts
Global interactions |
Related Concepts
Causality Orientation in time and space |
Statement of inquiry
In the past, humans explored the world, and continue to do so, for a variety of reasons. This exploration often affects global interactions in both positive and negative ways.
Copy down the factual, conceptual and debatable questions on page 80 of your textbook.
How does exploration impact upon societies?
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Watch the video and answer these questions. 1. Why did the Vikings explore? 2. Where did the Vikings explore? 3. What positive and negative impacts did Viking exploration have? 4. What might be some of the Viking's legacy today? |
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5. What is the attitude of the cartoon toward the impacts exploration and social contact? 6. Use specific examples to show how irony is used to convey a stronger message. |
What was the importance of the Silk Road for early interactions?
For thousands of years, trade and culture was exchanged between Europe and Asia. Phenomenal wealth and sophisticated cities and civilisations emerged along the trading routes that were established.
For thousands of years, trade and culture was exchanged between Europe and Asia. Phenomenal wealth and sophisticated cities and civilisations emerged along the trading routes that were established.
1. Describe, using a short paragraph, the location and human and physical features of the Silk Road.
2. Choose 3 of the cities or physical locations and research more upon them. Include information such as their features, wealth, population, importance and role along the Silk Road.
2. Choose 3 of the cities or physical locations and research more upon them. Include information such as their features, wealth, population, importance and role along the Silk Road.
3. Watch the video and take notes upon the importance and impact the Silk Road had upon early interactions. 4. How do these interactions continue to affect our lives today? |
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ATL: Creative thinking
5. Time to get creative.
You are to write a short piece of travel writing that:
You should aim for 300 to 400 words for each piece of writing.
Include writing tips from the link opposite. Show how the experiences compare and contrast in time and space - what is the same? What has changed? |
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What were the causes and consequences of the "Age of Exploration?"
As you have seen from the previous video, mathematical and technological knowledge from other cultures allowed for greater precision in sailing and exploration. The scale and security of that exploration could increase and so then does contact.
As you have seen from the previous video, mathematical and technological knowledge from other cultures allowed for greater precision in sailing and exploration. The scale and security of that exploration could increase and so then does contact.
Watch the video and consider the impact of mathematical knowledge. 5. With a partner, discuss and bullet point examples of were mathematics, science and adventurous people have come together to push the human experience forward. |
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Task
Complete the activity: Creating a biography, on page 91 of your textbook.
Follow the instructions carefully.
Keep your work neat and accurate, including headings, sub-headings and images.
Follow the instructions carefully.
Keep your work neat and accurate, including headings, sub-headings and images.
What were the impacts of the Columbian Exchange?
ATL: Communication
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Task
Using the video information and the information on page 92 of the textbook, create an annotated visual representation of the causes and consequences of the Columbian Exchange.
Include:
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Use a simplified map at a scale that allows you to add images and information in and around it. This could be a block format. Use simplified or graphical images that represent items and factors rather than a detailed illustration.
European colonisation of the Americas resulted in the killing of so many native people that it transformed the environment and caused the Earth’s climate to cool down, new research has found.
Settlers killed off huge numbers of people in conflicts and also by spreading disease, which reduced the indigenous population by 90% in the century following Christopher Columbus’s initial journey to the Americas and Caribbean in 1492. This “large-scale depopulation” resulted in vast tracts of agricultural land being left untended, researchers say, allowing the land to become overgrown with trees and other new vegetation. The regrowth soaked up enough carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to actually cool the planet, with the average temperature dropping by 0.15C in the late 1500s and early 1600s, the study by scientists at University College London found. Click on the image opposite to read the full article. |
As well as the Columbian Exchange, the European powers brought conquest and control. Conquistadors such as Cortes and Pizarro brought down sophisticated civilisations and replaced them with exploitation and what may well be thought of today as genocide.
The concept of genocide was defined in 1944 by Raphael Lemkin. After World War II, it was adopted by the United Nations in 1948. For Lemkin, genocide was broadly defined and included all attempts to destroy a specific ethnic group, whether strictly physical through mass killings, or cultural or psychological through oppression and destruction of indigenous ways of life.
The UN definition, which is used in international law, is narrower than Lemkin's, and states that genocide is: "...any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such:
(a) Killing members of the group;
(b) Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group;
(c) Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part;
(d) Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group;
(e) Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group."
According to an article on wikipedia, it is estimated that during the initial Spanish conquest of the Americas up to eight million indigenous people died, marking the first large-scale act of genocide of the modern era. Las Casas, a Spanish monk, wrote that the indigenous population on the Spanish colony of Hispaniola had been reduced from 400,000 to 200 in a few decades. His writings were among those that gave rise to Leyenda Negra (Black Legend) to describe Spanish cruelty in the Indies. Noble David Cook, writing about the Black Legend and the conquest of the Americas wrote, "There were too few Spaniards to have killed the millions who were reported to have died in the first century after Old and New World contact" and instead suggests the near total decimation of the indigenous population of Hispaniola as mostly having been caused by diseases like smallpox.
The UN definition, which is used in international law, is narrower than Lemkin's, and states that genocide is: "...any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such:
(a) Killing members of the group;
(b) Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group;
(c) Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part;
(d) Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group;
(e) Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group."
According to an article on wikipedia, it is estimated that during the initial Spanish conquest of the Americas up to eight million indigenous people died, marking the first large-scale act of genocide of the modern era. Las Casas, a Spanish monk, wrote that the indigenous population on the Spanish colony of Hispaniola had been reduced from 400,000 to 200 in a few decades. His writings were among those that gave rise to Leyenda Negra (Black Legend) to describe Spanish cruelty in the Indies. Noble David Cook, writing about the Black Legend and the conquest of the Americas wrote, "There were too few Spaniards to have killed the millions who were reported to have died in the first century after Old and New World contact" and instead suggests the near total decimation of the indigenous population of Hispaniola as mostly having been caused by diseases like smallpox.
ATL: Critical thinking
The information above shows how perspective and OPVL ( Thinking Critically, strands iii and iv) lead us to different interpretations of the same set of events.
Using this, and the information and sources on page 93, 94 and 95, complete the Activity on the Spanish conquests of the Americas on page 95.
In particular, question 4 should be answered in detail using a number specific arguments in paragraph form to create an extended response that considers a number of the issues and impacts.
Using this, and the information and sources on page 93, 94 and 95, complete the Activity on the Spanish conquests of the Americas on page 95.
In particular, question 4 should be answered in detail using a number specific arguments in paragraph form to create an extended response that considers a number of the issues and impacts.
Extension
Very quickly after the discovery of the Americas, the Atlantic Slave Trade was born. The first slaves were indigenous populations and then soon after Africans. The first African slaves to reach the English colony of Virginia arrived some 100 years after Columbus. Many hundreds of thousands were to follow.
Watch the video on the Atlantic Slave Trade and answer the questions.
Very quickly after the discovery of the Americas, the Atlantic Slave Trade was born. The first slaves were indigenous populations and then soon after Africans. The first African slaves to reach the English colony of Virginia arrived some 100 years after Columbus. Many hundreds of thousands were to follow.
Watch the video on the Atlantic Slave Trade and answer the questions.
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1. Define the term slavery. 2. What the main reason for the rise of slavery in the Americas? 3. In what ways did the European demand for slaves alter the nature of slavery in African society? 4. What were conditions like during the Atlantic crossing? Use detail from the video in your answer. 5. What was the effect of slavery upon the later history of Africa? 6. Explain how racial ideology and racism developed from out of the Atlantic Slave Trade. |
How did industrialisation affect exploration?
The expansion of empires
Nineteenth century industrialisation allowed the countries of Europe to expand their influence globally, from using hugely powerful modern navies to control China and southeast Asia, in what was known as "Gunboat diplomacy", to the use of steam trains and rail networks to open up the interior of Africa.
In this way, connections and interactions were expanded in terms of both quantity and physical extent. Isolated peoples were less isolated, newly discovered and reachable resources became highly prized and conflict and exploitation became the paradigm for the age, invariably to the detriment of local populations. This legacy is still with us today.
In this way, connections and interactions were expanded in terms of both quantity and physical extent. Isolated peoples were less isolated, newly discovered and reachable resources became highly prized and conflict and exploitation became the paradigm for the age, invariably to the detriment of local populations. This legacy is still with us today.
ATL: Information literacy
Using the sources on pages 98 and 99 in your textbook, answer the source based questions. Consider the Critical Thinking assessment criteria iii and iv when answering:
- iii. analyse a range of sources/data in terms of origin and purpose, recognising values and limitations
- iv. recognise different perspectives and explain their implications.
What is the legacy today due to European exploration and domination over the past 500 years?
Watch the documentary, making notes on the key arguments made.
From your notes
Watch the documentary, making notes on the key arguments made.
From your notes
ATL: Information literacy
Watch the documentary, making notes on the key arguments made.
From your notes, create a 400 word paragraph that explains and evaluates the issues discussed in the documentary.
From your notes, create a 400 word paragraph that explains and evaluates the issues discussed in the documentary.
You must include the following words and concepts:
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Assessment preparation
We are going to create 10 question multiple choice Microsoft Forms documents to share with the rest of the class.
Questions must be generated using information and concepts from the textbook (from page 80 to 99) and the lcis website.
Complete as many as you can and then share with the rest of class via email.
We are going to create 10 question multiple choice Microsoft Forms documents to share with the rest of the class.
Questions must be generated using information and concepts from the textbook (from page 80 to 99) and the lcis website.
Complete as many as you can and then share with the rest of class via email.